Arthritis: Osteoarthritis Hands

Treating and Managing Osteoarthritis in the Hands

People develop osteoarthritis when the cartilage (the rubbery ends of the bone) wears away and the bones rub together.This degenerative joint disease can affect any area of the body, including the hands. It affects the end and middle joints of the hands, and the joint at the base of the thumb.  

Hand osteoarthritis is common, particularly in women aged 45 to 65. Men usually have a later onset. It’s often hereditary. Symptoms of hand osteoarthritis include pain, stiffness and inflammation. You may also notice a loss of grip strength and dexterity. For example, opening jars may become difficult. However, not everyone experiences symptoms. 

Treating Hand Osteoarthritis

In most cases, lifestyle changes and medications are the preferred treatment. An anti-inflammatory diet can ease symptoms for some people. Some examples of foods with anti-inflammatory effects are fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds and whole grains. Avoiding processed foods and meals high in saturated fat is also recommended. 

You may find that hand exercises can minimize symptoms as well. You can try exercises like the five pack, fist clenches and squeezing a soft ball to strengthen your grip.

Many patients get relief from arthritis medications, including:

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Acetaminophen
• Topical analgesics
• Corticosteroids
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
• Biologics
• Pain relievers

If you don’t respond to lifestyle changes and medication, surgery might be an option. People with hand osteoarthritis may undergo joint fusion, replacement or resurfacing procedures. 

Thumb Arthritis

It’s common for older people to develop arthritis at the base of the thumb. It gets worse with certain activities, like gardening or golf. The base of the thumb may become more prominent, and you might notice clicking, pain and redness.

In many cases, putting on a splint or brace can help. So can taking arthritis medications. You may also benefit from seeing a physiotherapist for treatment. 

For more information on hand or thumb osteoarthritis, talk to a family physician or rheumatologist.