Brain & Nervous System: Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's Disease Symptoms and Treatments

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic neurological disorder that progresses over time. The cause of Parkinson’s disease isn’t known, but there are factors that may contribute. For example, genetics, being over the age of 60, being a man, and even exposure to environmental toxins.

If you have Parkinson’s disease, neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain are affected.These neurons produce dopamine, which transmits signals that coordinate movement. As dopamine levels decrease, it causes abnormal brain activity and Parkinson's disease symptoms, which may include:

• Stiffness of the limbs
• Tremors that often begin in the fingers or hands
• Slower movements
• Unstable balance
• Impaired memory and judgment
• Depression and anxiety
• Insomnia

How Parkinson’s Disease is Treated

Because there’s no one test to diagnose Parkinson's disease, your doctor will review your medical history, symptoms and physical exam results. Your physician may also order an MRI or other test, and you'll probably be referred to a neurologist.

There’s no cure for Parkinson's disease, but you can manage symptoms. Parkinson’s disease treatments include:

• Medications like Levodopa, dopamine agonists and MAO-B inhibitors
• Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery to implant electrodes in the brain
• Physiotherapy and exercise
• Occupational therapy
• Speech therapy

Eating a healthy diet can also help you improve mobility and reduce depression and anxiety.

While a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease can be daunting, you can still lead a fulfilling life. With a multidisciplinary team of health providers, you can find the best treatments to reduce symptoms and improve your quality of life. If you'd like more information about Parkinson's disease, talk to your family physician or a neurologist.